Andorra is a landlocked microstate in the Pyrenees mountains, with a population of about 77,000 and an area of 468 km2.
Liechtenstein is a landlocked microstate in the Alps, with a population of about 38,000 and an area of 160 km2. It is the only country in the world that has borders with only one other country, Switzerland.
San Marino is a landlocked microstate in the Apennine mountains, with a population of about 34,000 and an area of 61 km2. It is the oldest sovereign state and constitutional republic in the world, dating back to the 4th century.
Malta is an island microstate in the Mediterranean Sea, with a population of about 515,000 and an area of 316 km2. It is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, and has a rich history and culture influenced by various civilizations.
Luxembourg is a landlocked microstate in Western Europe, with a population of about 630,000 and an area of 2,586 km2. It is one of the founding members of the European Union, and has a high standard of living and a multilingual society.