Background
Most of the South Caucasus had been absorbed by the Russian Empire in the first half of the nineteenth century. A Caucasian Viceroyalty had originally been established in 1801 to allow for … See more

German intervention
By 22 May the Ottoman forces, split into two groups, were 40 km (25 mi) from Erevan and … See more

• Bakradze, Lasha (2020), "The German perspective on the Transcaucasian Federation and the influence of the Committee for Georgia's Independence", Caucasus Survey, 8 (1): 59–68, doi:10.1080/23761199.2020.1714877, S2CID 213498833 See more

Renewed Ottoman invasion
During the recess at Trabzon, the Ottoman forces continued their advance into the Transcaucasian … See more

As the TDFR lasted only a month, it has had a limited legacy, and the historical scholarship on the topic is limited. Historians Adrian … See more