The Genoese colonies were a series of economic and trade posts in the Mediterranean and 詳細

During the Early Middle Ages, Genoa was a small, poor fishing village of 4,000 inhabitants. By slowly building its merchant fleet, it rose as the leading commercial carrier of the Western Mediterranean, starting to beco… 詳細

• Stato da Màr 詳細

• Airaldi, Gabriella (2006). Blu come il mare - Guglielmo e la saga degli Embriaci. Genoa: Fratelli Frilli Editori. ISBN 88-7563-174-3.
• Chirikba, Viacheslav (2020). Abkhazia and Italian City-States (XIII—XV centuries). Essa… 詳細

• Genoese and Italians in Ukraine (in Italian)
1. ^ Khvalkov, Evgeny (2017). The Colonies of Genoa in the Black Sea Region: Evolution and Transformation. Routledge Research in Medieval Studies. L, NY: Routledge Taylo… 詳細