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  1. History
    https://www.history.com/news/venezuela-chavez-maduro-crisis

    How Venezuela Fell From the Richest Country in South …

    • The OPEC embargo against the U.S. and other countries causes the price of oil toquadruple, and Venezuela becomes the beneficiary. As billions more flow into the state treasury, itsper-capita GDP so… See more

    Oil Is Discovered

    An oil well in theMaracaibo basin of western Venezuela beginsgushing 100,000 barrels of oil per day, indicating the massive reserves beneath the nation’s surface. Th… See more

    History
    Venezuela Elects President Betancourt

    After the overthrow of brutal, corrupt Venezuelan dictatorMarcos Pérez Jiménez, the nation’s three political parties agree to thePunto Fijo Pact to accept the results of popular ele… See more

    History
    IMF Bailout

    After oil prices plummet due to a glut in the late 1980s, President Perez’s government struggles under the weight of $33 billion in foreign debt. Ultimately, Venezuela is forced to a… See more

    History
    Hugo Chávez Elected

    Firebrand populist leader Hugo Chávez, a former lieutenant colonel in the Venezuelan military who six years earlier led a failed coup attempt, iselected president, upending a political e… See more

    History
    Maduro Challenged by Opposition Leader

    After Hugo Chávez dies of cancer, he is replaced by his hand-picked successor Nicolás Maduro, whowon election by just 1.6 percentage points over opponent H… See more

    History
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  1. Council on Foreign Relations
    https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/vene…

    Venezuela: The Rise and Fall of a Petrostate - Council …

    WEBDec 22, 2023 · In recent years, Venezuela has suffered economic collapse, with output shrinking significantly and rampant hyperinflation contributing to a scarcity of basic goods, such...

  2. BBC
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-46999668

    Venezuela: All you need to know about the crisis in nine charts - BBC

  3. BBC
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-48121148

    Venezuela crisis in brief - BBC

  4. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela

    Crisis in Venezuela - Wikipedia

  5. PBS
    https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/...

    Timeline: How the Crisis in Venezuela Unfolded | FRONTLINE - PBS

  6. BBC
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-58743253

    Venezuela crisis: Three in four in extreme poverty, study says - BBC

  7. United States Institute of Peace
    https://www.usip.org/.../current-situation …

    The Current Situation in Venezuela - United States …

    WEBFeb 18, 2022 · Venezuela is in the midst of an unprecedented social and humanitarian collapse—the result of bad economic policies and political conflict—that has led to food insecurity, the second largest …

  8. harvard.edu
    https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2…

    Harvard expert tries to make sense of Venezuela’s …

    WEBFeb 12, 2019 · When the markets decided that Venezuela’s debt was too big, they stopped lending, and the price of oil collapsed. That explains why the shortage of foreign exchange is so severe. Ultimately, this …

  9. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/venezuelas-economic...

    Venezuela’s Economic Collapse Explained in Nine Charts