Other disorders that can cause anisocytosis include: myelodysplastic syndrome chronic liver disease disorders of the thyroid In addition, certain drugs used to treat cancer, known as cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, can result in anisocytosis. Anisocytosis may also be seen in those with cardiovascular disease and some cancers.

Many causes of anisocytosis are reversible or manageable with treatment. Certain conditions associated with anisocytosis — like cancer, sickle cell disease and other chronic conditions — often require careful monitoring and ongoing treatment.

Persons with colorectal cancer had lower overall survival rates when they had high RDW scores, showing anisocytosis. This was true whether the test was done before surgery or after.