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  1. Model-specific register - Wikipedia

  2. MSR - XMRig

  3. Reading and Writing Model Specific Registers in Linux - Intel

  4. Model Specific Registers - OSDev Wiki

  5. People also ask
    Processors from the P6 family onwards (including PentiumPro, Pentium II, III, 4 and Intel Core) have a collection of registers that allow configuration of OS-relevant things such as memory type-range, sysenter/sysexit, local APIC, etc. These MSRs are accessed using special instructions such as RDMSR (Read MSR), WRMSR (Write MSR), and RDTSC.
    Examples for rather well-known MSRs are the memory type range registers (MTRRs) and the address-range registers (ARRs). ^ "10.6.2 Test Registers". 80386 PROGRAMMER'S REFERENCE MANUAL (PDF).
    Use of the Linux msr kernel module creates a pseudo file "/dev/cpu/ x /msr" (with a unique x for each processor or processor core). A user with permissions to read and/or write to this file can use the file I/O API to access these registers. The msr-tools package provides a reference implementation.
    So MSR is a function with optional storage attached and accessed via RDMSR/WRMSR instructions by its number ("address"). Check "Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual Volume 4: Model-Specific Register" for all the bloody-technical details. You must log in to answer this question.
  6. Where are Model-Specific Registers (MSRs) physically located?

  7. msr(4) - Linux manual page - man7.org

  8. RDMSR — Read From Model Specific Register - felixcloutier.com

  9. rdmsr (Read MSR) - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn

  10. WRMSR — Write to Model Specific Register - felixcloutier.com

  11. rdmsr (MSR の読み取り) - Windows drivers | Microsoft Learn

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