The brightest objects may have a negative magnitude (for example the Sun, -27, the Full Moon, -12, Venus, -4, Jupiter at opposition, -2 and Sirius, -1.4). The visual magnitude corresponds to a detector which has the same sensitivity than eyes. The naked eye may detect objects until magnitude 6.
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Apparent magnitude
Apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a star or other astronomical object. An object's apparent magnitude depends on its intrinsic luminosity, its distance, and any extinction of the object's light caused by interstellar dust along... Wikipedia
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Brightness, Apparent Magnitude & Absolute Magnitude | Britannica
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magnitude, in astronomy, measure of the brightness of a star or other celestial body. The brighter the object, the lower the number assigned as a magnitude.
Astronomers measure the brightness of a star in the sky using a magnitude scale. On this scale, the brightest objects have the SMALLEST.
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In the magnitude system, Hipparchus grouped the brightest stars and called them first magnitude, slightly fainter stars were second magnitude, and the faintest ...