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  1. Is an Ethernet frame/packet 1500 or 1514 bytes ? :: SG FAQ

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    They are support structure for the Ethernet protocol itself. The MTU applies to the payload -- it is the largest unit of data you can cram into the packet. Thus an ethernet packet with an MTU of 1500 bytes will actually be a 1522 byte frame, and 1542 bytes on the wire (assuming there's a vLAN tag).
    According to the table here, it says that MTU = 1500 bytes and that the payload part is 1500 - 42 bytes or 1458 bytes (<- this is actually wrong!). Now on top of that you have to add IPv4 and UDP headers, which are 28 bytes (20 IP + 8 UDP). That leaves my maximum possible application message to as 1430 bytes!
    Even two directly connected hosts, with a direct ethernet connection (Ethernet Packet size 1514 bytes and IP MTU of 1500) will never have an MSS of more than 1460. To actually have a TCP MSS of 1472, you'd need an IP MTU of 1512 (and a L2 MTU of 1526, if on Ethernet).
    the advise is to chose from the technical requirements taking into account the specific hardware you have. So MTU=1508 is sufficent in case you have MPLS VPN and no other feature increasing the label stack. MTU=1524 allows for 6 labels, plenty from nowadays perspective.
  3. Why was the MTU size for ethernet frames calculated as 1500 bytes?

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